This text blends fascinating historical tidbits on each type of projection along with full coverage of the mathematics necessary to perform the projections. Map projections used for large scale quadrangles by the u. Map projections a working manual is, in my humble opinion, the definitive reference for map projections and the author, john p. A guide to map projections in modern cartography texts, by. Geological survey usgs now uses several of the more common projections for its published maps. References are provided for other map projections that occasionally may be encountered. In order to display some part or all of the earth on a flat surface, a map projection is required. The book and its contents are great and i am happy to have this book. The heg also provides users the ability to convert eos data from its original map projection to a userspecified map projection, and to request subsets of eos data products by spatial coordinates or band specification.
Map projections a working manual by john snyder free pdf d0wnl0ad, audio books, books to read, good. Some projections treat the earth only as a sphere, others as either ellipsoid or sphere. Parts that might not be so apparent more if using snyder than the guidance note is that you subtract off the false easting and northing values first, then convert the new values to meters. Map projections a map projection is a method of representing a portion of the earths round surface on a flat surface. Even though they are easy to fold up and carry around, neither greatly distorted maps nor disassembled globe gores have much practical use. However, it differs from global latitudelongitude in that it divides earth into 60 zones and projects. Notice of rescission of map hospice policies 162 and 163 pdf 265.
It is perpendicular to the direction of gravity pull. Conversion of latitude and longitude to utm coordinates. Geological survey professional paper 95, 385 pages. The forms given are, apart from notational variants, those in the standard reference for map projections, namely map projections. Pdf selecting the most suitable projection can be challenging, but it is as essential.
Supported map projections include transverse mercator, oblique mercator, mercator, gauss kruger, universal transverse mercator, oblique stereographic, polar stereographic, albers equal area, cassini, krovak, lambert conformal conic. Since the mass of the earth is not uniform at all points, and the direction of gravity changes, the. Approx distance between any 2 longitudes at a given. Converting utm to latitude and longitude or vice versa.
Snyder abstract after decades of using only one map projection, the polyconic, for its mapping program, the u. The central focus of this book is on the theory of map projections. Leavesley introduction the gis weasel was designed to aid in the preparation of spatial information for input to lumped and distributed parameter hydrologic or other environmental models. No idea how well they match the double stereographic that nb uses.
After decades of using only one map projection, the polyconic, for its mapping program, the u. No projection is perfect they all stretch, tear or compress the features of the earth to some degree. Eastingnorthing conversion benchmarking geocaching forums. A working manual and an album of map projections for further reference.
The only thing that i am not happy with is the small fonts of the book contents. This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for. To convert the entire rounded globe map to a flat map we must somehow peel. A working manual 1987 is available online as a pdf from the u. Buy online, pick up in store is currently unavailable, but this item may be available for instore purchase. Snyder, map projections a working manual, 1987, pp 107109, functions to clip a path or polygon of latlon points using the cohensutherland and the sutherlandhodgman methods, functions to simplify or linearize a path of latlon points or a numpy array. The gis weasel provides geographic information system gis tools to help create.
Geological survey professional paper map projections a working manual. Mathematical cartography also takes in map scales and their variation, the. Geographic information systems stack exchange is a question and answer site for cartographers, geographers and gis professionals. The library here has a paper copy, if you want xeroxes.
This chapter focuses on projections for world and hemisphere. Formula for state plane to latlon conversion geonet. After many years of utilizing just one map projection, the polyconic, for its mapping application, the u. For this reason, cartographers have developed a number of map projections, or methods for translating a sphere into a flat surface. The universal transverse mercator utm is a system for assigning coordinates to locations on the surface of the earth. If you are at all serious about maps you need this book. The book map projections a working manual is reprint of usgs publication under same name by mit. Page 79 discuss map scale and the basics of coordinate systems. Youll have to implement or find transverse mercator ellipsoidal and mercator spherical, possibly also a zone finderconverter for the utm.
The shape of the earth and the geodetic datum concept are covered on pages 46. Notice of rescission of map hospice policies 162 and 163 doc 47 kb open doc file, 69. A guide to selecting map projections for world and hemisphere maps. For larger scale maps, including topographic quadrangles and the state base map series, conformal projections such as the transverse mercator and the lambert conformal conic are used. Tables and shell scripts are also provided for conversion of state plane. The main users manual for proj, however, this verticaldatums working notes on the project to support vertical datums in map projections. Special high accuracy applications such as engineering. Pdf a guide to selecting map projections for world and. If projection is not specified here it uses projaeqd azimuthal equidistant. Opens as a pdf so may not open properly on the map room pc. The formulas involved can be complex and in some cases, such as in the ecef to geodetic conversion above, the conversion has no closedform solution and approximate methods must be used. The geoid is defined as the surface of the earths gravity field, which is approximately the same as mean sea level. Read map projections a working manual by john snyder for online ebook. The beginning of the book contains substantial introductory information about map projection families and distortions.
Printed or static, pdf maps, however, traditionally use conformal projections. Lines of latitude are the horizontal lines shown running easttowest on maps particularly so in the mercator projection. Map projections a working manual landing page for kartoweb. Medication administration program map policy manual doc 2.
The formulae these programs are based on appear in map projections, a working manual by john p. Maps were devised because they are much easier to use, store, and transport than globes, and they facilitated the development of much larger. Geological survey professional paper 95, 1987, on pages 107109 and 295298. The best book is map projections a working manual by john p. Scales, projections, etc cambridge university library. Antiti map projections tn 6 a map is a representation of all or part of the earth drawn on a flat surface at a specific scale. Coordinate conversion software, map projections coordinate calculator, perform gps coordinate conversions between different geodetic datums and map projections. Although the earth is best represented by a spheroid, the earth is sometimes treated as a sphere. Eos to geotiff conversion tool heg standalone users guide under emd project, 515eeb001, hdfeos to geotiff conversion tool heg standalone users guide under emd to eed bridge contract, and 516eed001, hdfeos to geotiff conversion tool heg. Geological survey usgs now makes use of a number of of the extra universal projections for its released maps. For a list of other texts and purchasing info, see the gps bibliography latlon to utm is complicated by the fact that both latlon and utm coordinates are relative to the datum from which they were determined, so you have to be careful. After decades of using only one map projection, the polyconic, for its mapping. Map projections a working manual, issue 95 volume 95 of u.
Like the traditional method of latitude and longitude, it is a horizontal position representation, which means it ignores altitude and treats the earth as a perfect ellipsoid. A working manual contain formulas for conversion of map projections. Map projection concerns the science of mathematical cartography, the techniques by which the earths dimensions, shape and features are translated in map form, be that twodimensional paper or two or three dimensional electronic representations. Geological survey collection opensource language english. Universal transverse mercator coordinate system wikipedia. The programs that perform these calculations may be viewed as perl code. The tool is available online through the eos data pools, and. A map projection is a systematic representation of all or part of the surface of a round body, especially the earth, on a plane snyder, 1987, map projections a working manual, usgs professional paper 95. A working manual pdf, pdf pages 3637 or actual document pages 2425. Graphical design of world map projections bernhard jennya, tom pattersonb and lorenz hurnia ainstitute of cartography, eth zurich, zurich, switzerland. Map projections are introduced on pages 1012, and pages.